Typical Health Problems:
Dachshunds are in general a healthy breed.However the more frequent health problems are:

Canine Intervertebral Disk Disease
The dachshund goes down in the rear. It can't walk. Sometimes, it loses bowel and bladder control. Surgery is usually needed. Results are usually 50/50 Many times, the dachshund is confined to a dog wheelchair.

There are many reasons a dachshund can develop disk disease: genetics, moving the wrong way, jumping on/off furniture, falling.Each dachshund is different, just as each dachshund's treatment and recovery is different. Just because a dachshund goes down in its back doesn't mean its life has to end. Dachshunds can and do live life to the fullest regardless of disability. 

Obesity: Over weight Dachshunds tend to have more back problems. An overweight dachshund is at risk for disk disease, epilepsy, thyroid problems, heart disease, etc. It can be much more problematic because of their long backs and short legs. Ensure your dachshund is on a well balanced diet and is at a comfortable weight for its size. 

Teeth and gum problems. 
Owners must keep their dog's teeth clean, Yearly dental cleaning by a vet and regular brushing is recommended.

Hypothyroidism
This can be genetic or due to other medical issues or medications. It is easily diagnosed and treated. 

Diabetes 
Easy to diagnose, can be treated. Excess urination and thirst and either weight loss or gain. 
Treatments include various medications and glucose levels checked at regular intervals.

Epilepsy (seizures)
Dachshunds are a susceptible breed, It can be inherited/genetic or caused by an unknown cause or by being hit on the head, 
medications, a fall, or some other type of trauma. 

Progressive Retinal Atrophy first impacts the dogs night vision, and later, their day vision fails. 

Cataracts  
When a cataract forms, the eye becomes cloudy and appears as a milky color. Inheritance is the main reason cataracts develop in dogs. 
Surgery for the removal of the lens affects is the only successful treatment for dog and human.

Double Dapple 
Blindness and/or deafness can be caused by the double dapple gene. 
On the other hand, a double dapple can be born with no problems at all.